Nurturing Critical Thinkers
A Comprehensive Guide to Teaching Media Literacy to Kids
In today's digital age, media literacy has become an essential skill for children to navigate the vast amount of information they encounter daily. (It’s also a required component of ELA curriculum in most states.) As parents and educators, it is our responsibility to equip them with the tools they need to evaluate information critically, identify misinformation, and make informed decisions. In this post, we will explore practical strategies for teaching media literacy, recommended curriculum resources, and highlight the significance of media literacy as a required part of the English Language Arts (ELA) curriculum. By integrating media literacy into the ELA curriculum, educators are recognizing the importance of developing students' ability to analyze and interpret media messages alongside traditional texts.
1. Understanding Media Literacy
Media literacy is the ability to access, analyze, evaluate, and create media messages. It involves understanding how media shapes our thoughts, beliefs, and actions. By teaching children media literacy, we empower them to be active participants in a media-rich society. They will learn to question media messages, recognize different perspectives, and develop a critical eye towards the information they consume.
Building Awareness and Skepticism
Developing a questioning mindset is crucial for media literacy. Encourage children to ask questions about the information they encounter and challenge assumptions. Teach them to be skeptical of claims that seem too good to be true or lack credible evidence. By fostering a healthy sense of skepticism, children will become more discerning consumers of information and less susceptible to manipulation.
Engaging in Critical Analysis
Media messages and advertisements are designed to influence our thoughts and behaviors. Teach children to analyze these messages critically by discussing the techniques used to persuade and manipulate. Encourage them to look for evidence, consider different perspectives, and think critically about the intended message. Engaging children in critical analysis will help them develop the skills to evaluate media messages independently.
Spotting Misinformation and Fake News
In an era of rampant misinformation and fake news, it is essential to teach children how to recognize and navigate through them. Discuss the characteristics of misinformation and the importance of verifying information from reliable sources. Introduce fact-checking websites like Snopes, where children can learn to fact-check claims and debunk myths. By teaching them to spot misinformation, children will become more discerning consumers of news and information.
Evaluating Online Sources
With the abundance of information available online, it is crucial to teach children how to evaluate the credibility and reliability of sources. Guide them in assessing the author's expertise, the presence of bias, and the use of reliable evidence. Teach them to cross-reference information from multiple sources and encourage them to seek out reputable sources such as educational institutions or well-established news organizations. By developing these skills, children will become proficient in discerning reliable sources from unreliable ones.
Developing Digital Citizenship Skills
Media literacy goes hand in hand with digital citizenship, which encompasses responsible and ethical behavior online. Teach children about online privacy, security, and the potential risks of sharing personal information. Encourage them to think critically about the content they post online and the impact it may have on themselves and others. By fostering responsible digital citizenship, children will learn to navigate the online world safely and contribute positively to online communities.
2. The best digital media curriculum
Top choice overall
Common Sense Media Digital Citizenship
Common Sense Media is a nonprofit organization that provides comprehensive resources for parents and educators on media and technology. Their Digital Citizenship program offers lessons, videos, and interactive activities to teach children about online safety, critical thinking, and responsible digital behavior. Parents appreciate the well-structured curriculum and the ability to adapt it to different age groups. However, some find the content too elementary for older children. It is a good fit for parents seeking a comprehensive, age-appropriate digital citizenship program. Common Sense Media's resources are typically free of charge.
For structured critical thinking curriculum
Critical Thinking Co
The Critical Thinking Co. offers a variety of educational resources and curriculum materials aimed at fostering critical thinking skills in children. Their materials include workbooks, games, and online resources that encourage analytical thinking and problem-solving. Parents can incorporate these resources into their homeschooling or educational activities to teach children how to evaluate information, identify logical fallacies, and think critically. Parents appreciate the comprehensive approach and the wide range of topics covered. However, some find the materials to be expensive, especially when purchasing multiple resources. The Critical Thinking Co. is a good fit for parents seeking structured critical thinking resources but may not be suitable for those on a tight budget. Prices vary depending on the specific resource.
Fact-checking authority
Snopes
Snopes is a fact-checking website that investigates and debunks urban legends, misinformation, and fake news. Parents can use Snopes as a tool to teach children about the importance of verifying information and questioning claims they encounter online. The website offers a user-friendly search feature and detailed explanations of the debunked myths. Users appreciate the extensive database and reliable information Snopes provides. However, some critics argue that Snopes has its own biases in certain areas. Snopes is suitable for parents and children who want to fact-check specific claims or learn more about popular myths and rumors. Snopes is free to use, supported by advertising.
Scientific thinking teacher
Neil deGrasse Tyson
Neil deGrasse Tyson, an astrophysicist and science communicator, offers various educational resources, including books, videos, and lectures, that promote scientific thinking and skepticism. Parents can use Tyson's materials to engage children in scientific discussions, encourage curiosity, and emphasize evidence-based reasoning. Parents appreciate Tyson's ability to make complex scientific concepts accessible and engaging for children. However, some critics argue that Tyson's views may be influenced by his personal biases. Neil deGrasse Tyson's resources are suitable for parents who want to inspire a love for science and critical thinking in their children. Prices vary depending on the specific resource, but many videos and lectures are available for free online.
Interactive online platform
Checkology.org
Checkology.org is an online platform developed by the News Literacy Project to teach students how to navigate the digital information landscape critically. It offers interactive lessons, quizzes, and real-world examples to develop media literacy skills. Parents can use Checkology.org to guide their children through the lessons and discussions, helping them understand the importance of source evaluation, recognizing bias, and verifying information. Parents appreciate the engaging and practical nature of the platform. However, some find the content more suitable for older students and may prefer a resource tailored specifically to younger children. Checkology.org is a good fit for parents looking for a comprehensive and interactive media literacy program. The cost for individual subscriptions is $5 per month or $36 per year.
Intro to critical thinking
"Maybe Yes, Maybe No: A Guide for Young Skeptics"*
Written by Dan Barker, "Maybe Yes, Maybe No" is a book that introduces critical thinking skills to young readers. It encourages children to ask questions, challenge assumptions, and think skeptically. Parents can use this book as a starting point for discussions about critical thinking and skepticism, promoting an inquisitive mindset. Parents appreciate the book's engaging style and its ability to encourage independent thinking. However, some parents may find the content too advanced for very young children. "Maybe Yes, Maybe No" is a good fit for parents seeking an introduction to critical thinking for children in the elementary age range. The price range for the book is typically around $10 to $15.
Children’s book
The Belief Book
"The Belief Book" by David G. McAfee is a children's book that introduces various belief systems and encourages open-mindedness and tolerance. Parents can use this book to initiate conversations about different religions, beliefs, and the importance of respecting diverse perspectives. Parents appreciate the book's inclusive approach and its ability to foster empathy and understanding. However, some parents may find the book's content too advanced or prefer a more religiously focused resource. "The Belief Book" is a good fit for parents seeking a gentle introduction to different beliefs and values. The price range for the book is typically around $10 to $15.
Interactive series
Two Truths and a Lie book series
The "Two Truths and a Lie" book series, written by Ammi-Joan Paquette and Laurie Ann Thompson, presents a collection of intriguing stories where readers must determine which statements are true and which is a lie. Parents can use these books as a fun and interactive way to develop critical thinking and fact-checking skills. By engaging children in evaluating the presented information, parents can encourage them to question, analyze, and seek evidence. Parents appreciate the interactive format and the opportunity to spark curiosity in their children. However, some parents may find the stories too challenging for younger readers. The "Two Truths and a Lie" book series is a good fit for parents looking for engaging activities that promote critical thinking and research skills. Prices for individual books in the series range from around $8 to $15.
3. 18 media literacy books your family will love
In our conversations with parents about what they used to teach literacy, we learned that many don’t use a curriculum, persay, but have been influenced by many books, read or gave books to their kids to read. There were so many great ones recommended that we couldn’t include them all, but we decided to feature the top 18 that came up most often:)
These books our listed in order of popularity with parents in our community.
"Maybe Yes, Maybe No: A Guide for Young Skeptics" by Dan Barker is an engaging book intended for children ages 8 and up, encouraging critical thinking and exploration of different perspectives.
"Two Truths and a Lie: It's Alive!" by Ammi-Joan Paquette and Laurie Ann Thompson is an exciting book suitable for children ages 8 to 12, presenting fascinating facts and challenging readers to discern the truths from the lies.
"The Belief Book" by David G. McAfee is a thought-provoking book aimed at children ages 4 to 8, introducing diverse beliefs and encouraging open-mindedness and understanding.
"True or False: A CIA Analyst's Guide to Spotting Fake News" by Cindy L. Otis is a valuable resource for teenagers and young adults, offering practical strategies to navigate the complex world of misinformation and media manipulation.
"The Demon-Haunted World: Science as a Candle in the Dark" by Carl Sagan is a thought-provoking book suitable for teenagers and adults, exploring the importance of critical thinking and scientific skepticism in a world filled with pseudoscience and superstition.
"The Magic of Reality: How We Know What's Really True" by Richard Dawkins is a captivating book for readers ages 10 and up, delving into the wonders of science and explaining natural phenomena with a rational and evidence-based approach.
"The Fallacy Detective: Thirty-Eight Lessons on How to Recognize Bad Reasoning" by Nathaniel Bluedorn and Hans Bluedorn is an educational book designed for ages 12 and up, teaching readers to identify and understand logical fallacies, enhancing their critical thinking skills.
"Maybe Right, Maybe Wrong: A Guide for Young Thinkers" by Dan Barker is an engaging book intended for children ages 8 and up, encouraging thoughtful reflection and decision-making while exploring different perspectives.
"Philosophy for Kids: 40 Fun Questions That Help You Wonder about Everything!" by David White offers a delightful introduction to philosophy for children ages 10 and up, stimulating curiosity and encouraging philosophical exploration.
"The Encyclopedia of Misinformation: A Compendium of Imitations, Spoofs, Delusions, Simulations, Counterfeits, Impostors, Illusions, Confabulations, Skullduggery, Frauds, Pseudoscience, Propaganda, Hoaxes, Flimflam, Pranks, Hornswoggle, Conspiracies & Miscellaneous Fakery" by Rex Sorgatz is a comprehensive book suitable for teenagers and adults, examining the vast realm of misinformation and its impact on society.
"Just Pretend" by Dan Barker is a delightful book for children ages 4 to 8, promoting imagination and the power of storytelling while encouraging critical thinking about fantastical claims.
"Maybe, Maybe Not: Second Thoughts from a Secret Life" by Robert Fulghum is an engaging and insightful book for adult readers, exploring the complexities of life and encouraging contemplation of different perspectives.
“True or False" by Paul Erickson is an informative book for young readers ages 8 to 12, presenting engaging true and false statements to challenge their critical thinking and discernment skills.
"Calling Bullshit" by Carl T. Bergstrom and Jevin D. West is an enlightening book recommended for teenagers and adults, providing tools and insights to identify and debunk misleading information in an increasingly complex media landscape.
"The Influencing Machine: Brooke Gladstone on the Media" by Brooke Gladstone is an illuminating book for readers of all ages, offering a critical examination of media influence and empowering individuals to navigate the media landscape with a discerning eye.
"The Invention of Yesterday: A 50,000-Year History of Human Culture, Conflict, and Connection" by Tamim Ansary is an enlightening book for adult readers, offering a comprehensive perspective on human history and culture while emphasizing the importance of critical analysis and questioning.
"The Art Detective: Fakes, Frauds, and Finds and the Search for Lost Treasures" by Philip Mould is an intriguing book for art enthusiasts and history lovers, providing insights into the detective work involved in uncovering art forgeries and emphasizing the role of evidence-based investigation.
And one documentary….
"Made You Look: A True Story About Fake Art" by Barry Lyga is a captivating documentary delving into the world of art forgery and highlighting the significance of scrutinizing information and authenticity.
These books provide valuable insights into critical thinking, skepticism, belief systems, and distinguishing fact from fiction. They are highly recommended resources for teaching children about media literacy and cultivating their ability to think critically about the information they encounter.
4. Teaching Fact Checking
Teaching your child to fact-check is an essential skill for media literacy. Here are some strategies to help them develop this critical skill:
Start with reliable sources: Teach your child to seek information from reputable and trustworthy sources, such as established news organizations, credible websites, and authoritative books. Discuss the importance of relying on sources that have a history of accurate reporting and expertise in the subject matter.
Encourage cross-referencing: Teach your child to cross-reference information by checking multiple sources on the same topic. This helps them verify the accuracy and consistency of the information they come across. Discuss how different sources might present information from various perspectives, and guide them to evaluate the credibility of each source.
Fact-checking websites: Introduce fact-checking websites like Snopes, FactCheck.org, or PolitiFact, which specialize in debunking myths, hoaxes, and false information. Teach your child how to use these resources to verify claims, check the credibility of sources, and separate facts from fiction.
Analyze sources and authors: Teach your child to critically evaluate the expertise and credibility of authors or organizations behind the information. Encourage them to look for credentials, affiliations, and biases that might influence the reliability of the information presented.
Evaluate supporting evidence: Help your child understand the importance of supporting evidence in making factual claims. Teach them to look for reliable sources, data, research studies, or expert opinions that substantiate the information they encounter.
Question biases and motives: Teach your child to consider the motives and potential biases behind the information they come across. Discuss how personal beliefs, financial interests, or ideological affiliations can influence the accuracy and objectivity of the content.
Critical thinking exercises: Engage your child in critical thinking exercises, such as analyzing news articles, advertisements, or social media posts. Ask them to identify logical fallacies, misleading techniques, or unsupported claims within the content.
Model critical thinking: Be a role model by demonstrating critical thinking yourself. Engage in discussions about current events, media, or information sources with your child. Share your own fact-checking processes and encourage them to ask questions, challenge assumptions, and think critically.
By incorporating these strategies into your child's media literacy education, you can empower them to become discerning consumers of information and develop the skills necessary to navigate an increasingly complex digital landscape.
5. More Tips and strategies for teaching media literacy
1. Explore YouTube together: Watch YouTube videos with your children and discuss the content, emphasizing that not everything on YouTube is true or accurate. Teach them to be skeptical and question the information presented in the videos. Highlight the importance of finding reliable sources and fact-checking when encountering questionable content.
2. Use real-time examples: When encountering misleading or false information, whether it's online or in other media, take the opportunity to discuss and analyze it with your children. Explain the techniques used to manipulate or deceive, and encourage them to identify and question those tactics.
3. Analyze commercials: Watch commercials together and ask your children to think critically about the messages being conveyed. Discuss how advertisers use persuasive techniques, such as emotional appeal, exaggeration, or misleading claims, to influence consumers. Help them recognize the difference between advertising claims and actual facts.
4. Media literacy books: Introduce books that explicitly teach media literacy skills, such as "The Fallacy Detective," "Maybe Yes, Maybe No: A Guide for Young Skeptics," or the "Two Truths and a Lie" book series. Use these resources to engage children in discussions and activities that promote critical thinking and fact-checking.
5. Engage with behind-the-scenes content: Explore behind-the-scenes footage or documentaries that reveal how media, such as commercials or movies, are made. Show your children how techniques like editing, special effects, and strategic storytelling can influence perceptions and emotions.
6. Encourage critical thinking in daily life: Foster critical thinking skills by encouraging your children to question things they encounter in their everyday lives. This can include discussing news articles, evaluating claims made by friends or family, or investigating topics of interest together to determine the credibility of sources.
7. Establish media guidelines: Set guidelines for media consumption in your household. Encourage responsible use of digital media, such as limiting screen time, promoting a balance between educational and entertainment content, and discussing the potential impact of media on thoughts, emotions, and behavior.
Remember to adapt these suggestions to your child's age, developmental stage, and individual needs. Creating an open and ongoing dialogue about media literacy will help empower your children to navigate the digital world critically and responsibly.
Conclusion
Through strategies like building awareness, engaging in critical analysis, and evaluating online sources, students can develop the ability to navigate the vast information landscape effectively. By integrating media literacy into ELA instruction, educators provide students with the tools to identify bias, detect misinformation, and think critically about the texts they encounter, whether they are traditional written texts or digital media.
The recommended resources mentioned in this post, such as books like "Maybe Yes, Maybe No: A Guide for Young Skeptics" and "The Belief Book," align with the goals of media literacy education and support ELA instruction. By incorporating these resources into the curriculum, educators can foster critical thinking, enhance reading comprehension, and empower students to become informed consumers and producers of media.
As media literacy becomes an integral part of the ELA curriculum, it is essential for parents, educators, and students to embrace the opportunities and challenges presented by the digital age. By working together, we can ensure that children are equipped with the necessary skills to navigate the media landscape responsibly, critically analyze information, and become active participants in shaping the future of media and society.
*Affiliate disclaimer: We have an affiliate relationship with Amazon and several curriculum providers, which means we receive a small commission when you click on a resource we recommend. We strive to be unbiased, do extensive research on all materials, choose all our recommendations independently and this does not impact our reviews or what we choose to review.